Backing up Oracle Databases on UNIX with the TSM TDP

Many of the directory and file names mentioned below will be site specific. For the sake of illustration, I'm assuming that Oracle was installed with a userid called 'oracle' and the main control files are located in /u01/app/oracle/admin/tsm_rman. We are backing up a database called PBW on an AIX server called U20614P545 to a TSM server called P2XT1, which has an IP address of 19.66.123.123
The Oracle TDP is installed in /usr/tivoli/tsm/client/api/bin64 and TSM itself can be found in /usr/tivoli/tsm/client/ba/bin64.

Oracle RMAN

First install the Oracle TDP software. The TSM TDP for Oracle interfaces with Oracle RMAN, the integrated Oracle backup and recovery tool. RMAN understands how the Oracle databases and recovery logs fit together, so we don't need to. Essentially, TSM is just used as a back-end data store. The one thing you will need to understand is the RMAN options file, which is usually created by your DBA and held in the Oracle data space.

Every database will have an RMAN options file which basically defines some environment variables. The location of these files will be site dependent. At a minimum they should set three DSMI variables as shown below.

DSMI_LOG /u01/app/oracle/admin/tsm_rman
DSMI_DIR /usr/tivoli/tsm/client/api/bin64
DSMI_ORC_CONFIG /usr/tivoli/tsm/client/api/bin64/dsm.opt

It's useful to know where the RMAN logs are kept, as specified by the DSMI_LOG parameter, as you might need to check these out if you get problems.

DSM_DIR tells RMAN where you installed the TDP code, /usr/tivoli/tsm/client/api/bin64 is the default location.

DSMI_ORC_CONFIG points to the Oracle dsm.opt file

Some sites like to keep all their TSM option files together, so they keep the ORC_CONFIG file in the default TSM installation directory, usually /usr/tivoli/tsm/client/ba/bin64/ and call it something like dsm_ora.opt to distinguish it from the normal dsm.opt file. In this case you either need to change the DSMI_ORC_CONFIG parameter to point to the correct file and path, or you need to add a symbolic link from /usr/tivoli/tsm/client/api/bin64/dsm.opt pointing to /usr/tivoli/tsm/client/ba/bin64/dsm_ora.opt.

Other sites are quite happy to have a 'normal' dsm.opt file in ba/bin64 and an 'oracle' dsm.opt in api/bin64.

All the oracle dsm.opt file needs to contain is

Servername P2XT1_ORA

Other parameters that you might see include

TDPO_FS PBW

Ths is the filespace name used at the TSM server for this database. The default is adsmorc. In this case the database is called PBW, so we are calling the filespace PBW

TDPO_NODE U20614P545_ORA

The TSM node name that will be used to backup this database

TDPO_PSWDPATH /u01/app/oracle/admin/tsm_rman/password

See below

TDPO_OWNER oracle

The userid that 'owns' the TDPO process

Changes to dsm.sys

You also need to add at least one extra stanza to your dsm.sys file for Oracle database backups. This will typically look like

** Oracle backup stanza
servername     P2XT1_ORA
commmethod       tcpip-tsm
tcpserveraddress     your_tsm_server_address
tcpport       your_tsm_server_port
webports       1504,0
nodename       U20614P545_ORA
errorlogname     /usr/local/logs/U20614P545__ORA_dsmerror.log
errorlogretention   30d
passwordaccess     prompt
enablelanfree     yes
lanfreecommethod      tcpip
lanfreetcpport      1510

Older Oracle backups needed a separate stanza from scheduling, like this

** Oracle backup scheduling stanza
servername     P2XT1_ORA_SCHED
commmethod       tcpip-tsm
tcpserveraddress     your_tsm_server_address
tcpport       your_tsm_server_port
webports       1505,0
nodename       U20614P545_ORA
errorlogname     /usr/local/logs/U20614P545__ORA_dsmerror.log
errorlogretention   30d
schedlogname     /usr/local/logs/U20614P545__ORA_dsmsched.log
schedlogretention   30d
passwordaccess     generate
passworddir     /etc/security/tsm/P2XT1_ORA
managedservice     schedule
schedmode     prompted

Setting Passwords, checking licence, checking access rights

After you configure the option files as above, you may need to set the TDP password. To do this, you run the tdpoconf command

tdpoconf password -tdpo-optfile=/u01/app/oracle/admin/tsm_rman/PBW_tdpo.opt

You will then need to input the password for the TSM Oracle node 3 times. If you need to create the oracle password directory you should assign ownership to the 'oracle' userid (or whatever userid you use to manage oracle) as follows. This links to the RMAN option, TDPO_PSWDPATH /u01/app/oracle/admin/tsm_rman/password

Navigate to the tsm_rman directory, then run

mkdir password
chown oracle:oracle
chmod 770 password

Make sure that you have a licence file, /usr/tivoli/tsm/client/oracle/bin64/agent.lic

Then check that 'oracle' can update the TSM logs (666) and can read all the tsm option files (644)

TSM server definitions

All database backups have unique names, and backup retention is controlled by RMAN, so you must set backupdelete=yes. Your oracle management class should be set to keep just one active backup forever, with retonly and verdelete parameters both set to 0.

Define the client on your TSM server as U20614P545_ORA, the only difference from your standard UNIX clients would be that you set backupdelete=yes and may invoke the oracle management class with a special client optionset that picks up a database management class. Oracle clients also usually have maxnummountpoints set to 2.

Start up the oracle client with dsmc -server=P2XT1_ORA and set the client password when prompted.

Finally, check the RMAN setup is working with the showenv option on the tdpoconf command;

tdpoconf SHOWENV -TDPO_OPT=/u01/app/oracle/admin/tsm_rman/PBW

We often get requests for special oracle database backup retentions, but these are also controlled by RMAN. Special backups can be retain for longer than the default cycle using the RMAN command, 'CHANGE BACKUPSET TAG ... KEEP UNTIL ...', usually controlled and issued by your DBA.

Timeout Issues

Oracle backups can fail with timeout errors, but one issue is that the error message does not make it clear that this is the problem, A typical error message might look like:

Oracle: RMAN output
- - - - - - - - - -
ORA-27192: skgfcls: sbtclose2 returned error - failed to close file
ORA-19511: Error received from media manager layer, error text:
ANS1235E (RC-71) An unknown system error has occurred ...

When an oracle backup starts, it often sits for quite a while waiting, while RMAN is calculating what it needs to back up. This wait time can be several minutes for a multi-terabyte database. I've seen an IBM recommendation that to calculate the best timeout values to use, you estimate how long your backup will run, then add an extra 50%. So if you expect a database backup to run for about 2 hours, plan timeout values at 3 hours, or 180 minutes, or 10800 seconds.

If you are running TSM 6.3 or above you can set these values dynamically from your TSM server by running the following commands. Note that commtimeout is set in seconds, but idletimeout and resourcetimeout are in minutes.

setopt commtimeout 10800
setopt idletimeout 180
setopt resourcetimeout 180

For earlier versions of TSM you need to set the values in the server .opt file, then recycle the server.

If you use separate library manager, then you need to set the timeout values on both the library manager server and the client manager server. If you are using LanFree, you have to to set the timeout values on the StorageAgent. All the TSM servers that are involved in the backup must be set with the same, or greater values.

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